Paeds - standing from lying down supine

PPP
Observe standing from lying down supine. Children up to 3 years of age will turn (P)rone in order to stand because of (P)oor (P)elvic muscle fixation.

Essential hypertension has a multifactorial aetiology: MS O. SWAG

Essential hypertension has a multifactorial aetiology:

The Metabolic Syndrome

Obesity

High Salt intake

Low birth weight

Excess alcohol intake

Genetic component

MS. O SWAG

GO WAS MS

Smear test

Apply pressure on the cervix with the brush as if using a pen

Cyst definition

Cyst "sist"

Sist = sister

sister's are Emotional
E = Epithelium lining

M K RAHMAN

Pre-eclampsia common

Pre-eclampsia is more common in nulliparous women than in multiparous women.

Arrange alphabetically:

M<N
Pre-eclampsia is less common in Multiparous women than in nulliparous women (6%).

Pre-eclampsia

H<P
Hypertension precedes Proteinuria

Ovarian cyst 'accidents'

Ovarian cyst 'accidents' = HRT

H = Haemorrhage ... into a cyst
R = Rupture ... of the contents of an ovarian cyst into the peritoneal cavity
T = Torsion ... of the pedicle

M K RAHMAN

Anorexia

Hypoyhalamic hypogonadism
HYPO consumption = anorexia.

M K RAHMAN

Amenorrhoea

Congenital problems cause Primary Amenorrhoea.
Congenital is primary.

Acquired problems = usually cause secondary amenorrhoea.

Amenorrhoea

AMenorrhoea
Absence of Menstruation

M K RAHMAN

SECondary amenorrhoea

SECondary amenorrhoea
SEX
SIX months or more: cessation of normal menstruation.

Puerperium = 6 weeks following birth

The puerperium covers the 6-week period following birth Puerperium = P = upside down 6. therefore it is six weeks duration.  M K RAHMAN

Menstruation (menstrual cycle)

menstruation occurs in response to cessation of progesterone. (Men Prefer)

Phases of menstrual cycle
Men Prefer Lustful Sex
Menstruation, Proliferative phase, Luteal/Secretory phase.

Proliferative phase: klmnOPqrs
Oestrogen causes growth of glands and arterioles with thickening of the endometrium.


Secretory phase
Ostrogen and progesterone causes causes endometrium to become vascular...

PRO = O
SEC = O+P

M K RAHMAN

Ovarian Hormones

Ovary releases Oestrogen and Progesterone.
place into alphabetical order: klmnOPqrst

M K RAHMAN

Menstrual Cycle

• menArche = A = 1st letter of alphabet. Therefore menArche is the onset of menstruation. 

• the signal of GnRH from the Hypothalamus to the pituitary is "waking". The FSH and LH signal from the pituitary to the ovary is "waking up".
• "waking" is one word, and has one hormone = GnRH.
• "Waking up" is two words, and is two hormones = FSH & LH.

M K RAHMAN

TB - Top

TB occurs commonly in the Top part of the lungs. This is because it is well aerated and the TB enjoy it!
TB = Top of Breathing.

M K RAHMAN

Difference between Obstetrician and Gynaecologist

"Obstetrics deals with problems that arise in maternity care, treating any complications of pregnancy and childbirth and any that arise after the birth"
O = looks like a pregnant woman's abdomen

Gynaecology is the care of women with problems of the female reproductive system (ovaries, tubes, womb, cervix, vagina).
G = Genitalia are reproductive organs.

M K RAHMAN

LUMPectomy - 4cm or Less

LUMPectomy is performed on lumps that are 4cm or less
LUMP = 4 letters
L in Lump = Less
therefore LUMPectomy is performed on LUMPs Less than 4cm.

M K RAHMAN

Warts - Human PapillomaVirus - VW

Warts are caused specifically by one of the many types of human papillomavirus (HPV). 
W = warts
V = virus
arrange alphabetically
stuVWxyz
V for virus, and W for warts, therefore warts are caused by a virus (HPV).

M K RAHMAN

Flecanide - Class 1c antiarrhythmic agent

FleCanide is a class 1c antiarrhythmic agent.
F = First = 1
Group 1 antiarrhythmic agent can be 1a, 1b or 1c. First letter out of a,b or c to appear in the word flecanide is C. Therefore Flecanide is 1c antiarrhythmic agent. 

M K RAHMAN

Primary Amenorrhoea

Primary Amenorrhoea is the term used for females that have not begun menstruation by the age of 16.
P = upside down 6.

M K RAHMAN

Menorrhagia - Medical Treatment

First line treatment for menorrhagia is Intrauterine device (IUD).
I = 1 in roman numerals. Therefore IUD is a first line treatment for menorrhagia.

M K RAHMAN

Menorrhagia - Epidemiology & Causes

Epidemiology

One third of women say they suffer from Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (HMB).
HMB = 3 letters.
Third = 3
HMB and Third have 3 in common. Therefore one Third of women suffer from HMB.

Causes
Menorrhagia aka High Menstrual Bleeding (HMB) pathological causes are Uterine fibroids in 30% of women that suffer from HMB and 10% pathological causes in women that suffer from HMB are caused by polyps / p0lyps (p0 = 10).

Fibroids = F, F sounds like Three like Free. Therefore Fibroids = related to 3, therefore remember it is 30%

M K RAHMAN

Menorrhagia Definition contains SPErM

Clinical definition of menorrhagia contains SPErM

Menorrhagia is excessive menstrual blood loss that interferes with a woman's well being in the following ways:

S = Social
P = Physical
E = Emotional
r
M = Material quality of life

It can occur alone or in combination with other symptoms.

M K RAHMAN

Fat - triglycerides

Fat is a three lettered word. triglyceride, tri = 3. triglyceride consist of three fatty acids.

M K RAHMAN

Lipids

Lipids

Bile salts in the intestine emulsify lipids allowing it to be absorbed as chylomicrons.

arrange alphabetically
aBCd

M K RAHMAN

pGlycoprotein

pGlycoprotein

is an ATP driven membrane transporter.

M K RAHMAN

Primary active transporter

Membrane transporter proteins

Transporters

Primary Active transporters - use ATP hydrolysis

PAT (primary active transporters) same letters as ATP

M K RAHMAN

Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 = 6 = upside down P

P for Pyridoxal (Phosphate)

M K RAHMAN

Vitamin C

Vitamin C = Curvy = SCurvy
vitamin C deficiency gives you scurvy
scurvy as a result of deficiency of ascorbic acid in the diet.

M K RAHMAN

collagen

clinical disorders due to errors in the synthesis of collagen.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome  = defective enzyme

M K RAHMAN

collagen

Collagen is made up of three chains. each chain of coLLagen = Left handed helix

the three chains form a tRiple helix. the tRiple helix is right handed.

triple Helix is stabilised by inter chain hydrogen bonding.

M K RAHMAN

Depression History: Core Symptoms

E = MC2
(E) (E)quals (M) (C) 2
E = Energy
E = Enjoyment
M = Mood
C = Cause
2 = 2Es

(M K RAHMAN)

breathing - respiratory sounds

Vesicular breathing vs bronchial breathing

Vesicular breathing = as a man its normal for me to wear a VESt. Therefore vesicular breathing is normal breathing. 

Whereas its abnormal for me to wear a BRa i.e. BRonchial breathing. Also BROnchial = NO Break in breathing sounds. Bronchial breathing is abnormal breath sounds. 

Psychopathology

Psychopathology

POT MR PufF (people smoke pot, and get mental problems)

P - Preparation

O - Orientation

T - Take History

M - MSE

R - Review

P (I) - Physical exam (investigations)

F(?) - Finish?

(M K Rahman)

Psychiatry - past medical history:

past medical history:

TVCMNAM (story: past/previously ate meat now a vegetarian)

T - The - Thyroid

V - Vegetarian - Veg contains Vitamins and Minerals - Vitamins and minerals

C - Consumes - Cardiovascular

M - Meat - Metabolic

N - Not - Neurological?

A - Any - Any Chronic Diseases

M - More - Medication

(M K Rahman)

Arterial Vascular Exam

General Inspection: HAGS

HAGS = Hair loss, Amputations, Gangrene, Scars,

Pulmonary Emboli - risk factors

HIP SHOT


Pulmonary Emboli Risk Factors
History of previous DVT/PE
Injury
Pregnancy


Smoking
History of previous PE/DVT (twice)
Oral contraceptive pill
Travel

(M K RAHMAN)

Malleus

Malleus = is the bone that runs down the middle when looking at pictures.

(M K RAHMAN)

OSCEs: TB patient

Mnemonic: CHEST

you can re-arrange the mnemonic to make the mnemonic specific for you

Complete course: pt must complete the course

History social: take a history including social history

side Effects: of treatment = *orphan

Treatment: rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and pyrazinamide 

Tracing contacts

*orphan = Optic neuritis, Red urine, oral contraceptive Pill, Hepatitis, Agranulocytosis, Neuropathy

(M K RAHMAN)

Stroke

abcdefgHIjklm
arrange alphabetically
H comes before I
therefore
Haemorrhagic strokes are less frequent than Ischaemic
Haemorrhagic strokes account for 15% of strokes
Ischaemic strokes account for 85% of strokes

Ischaemic strokes
CE  CA
arrange CErebrovascular and CArdiogenic emboli alphabetically
cardiogenic emboli account for less ischaemic strokes 15% than cerebrovascular (80%)

(M K RAHMAN)

ENT - Tympanosclerosis

Sometimes healing may not be completed in cases of otitis media, as a result scar tissue can form due to inflammatory processes. This can present as calcified plaques upon the tympanic membrane. 

Mnemonic: 

scarring = tympanosclerosis = white (colour).

STuvW = scarring = tympanosclerosis = white (colour)

M K RAHMAN 310712

Venepuncture - Remove needle or tourniquet first?

Remove needle or tourniquet first?
T for Tourniquet comes before N for needle in TourNiquet
Therefore you remove tourniquet before needle in a patient.

(M K RAHMAN 310712)